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Transgenic cotton cannot increase biodiversity
GM cotton can reduce the use of chemicals, thus providing a more ideal living environment for some harmless insects and animals. In the last two decades, some farmers in Arizona in the United States have planted some cotton containing biotoxins that can kill pests such as cotton pink bollworm (PBW) that are powerful against cotton. A random sampling study of cotton-growing fields showed that although this GM cotton does reduce the use of pesticides, it does not reduce the use of herbicides and does not improve biodiversity compared to non-transgenic cotton. Yves Carriere, an ecologist at the University of Arizona, and other researchers performed random sampling analysis of 81 cotton fields in two growing seasons, including both transgenic and non-transgenic cotton. The scientists collected data on the use of insecticides and herbicides, as well as information on all insects such as ants and beetles found. Carriere said that their research goal is not only the effect of genetic modification, but also includes all other factors. Research data shows that farmers use less insecticides on genetically modified cotton fields and they can use insecticides precisely for certain types of pests. However, in the second year of the study, it was found that the use of specific insecticides in transgenic cotton increased from the previous year. The researchers speculate that the cause of this result may be to control pests that have not been destroyed by biotoxins in transgenic cotton. The study data also showed that the amount of herbicide used was the same for both non-transgenic cotton, toxin-producing cotton, and herbicide-resistant cotton. The transgenic cotton also has no effect on the biodiversity of ants and beetles. Regardless of the type of cotton, the number of ants in the cotton field decreased and the number of beetles increased compared with the land adjacent to no crop. There are other factors that play an important role in the quantitative dynamics of the organism, including soil type, seeding rate, and precipitation. Scientists have published their research report in the Journal of the National Academy of Sciences. Researchers will continue to refine the research data, not only to find the impact of genetically modified cotton on carnivorous and herbivorous insects, but also to analyze the cost-effectiveness of genetically modified cotton. Carriere said: "You cannot simply guess that you will get comprehensive benefits from GM crops. What is amazing is that if you control insects with GM cotton, you will encounter other problems."